Friday, June 10, 2016

පිළිකා වර්ග සහ රෝගය හඳුනාගැනීම


ms<sldj, idudkH frda. ,laIK y`ÿkd .ksuq'


msshhre ms<sld

wfkla mshhqrg jvd  mss<sldj we;s mshhqf¾ fjkia njla yd bÈuqula we;s fõ' widudkH f,i ;o .;shlao  we;s fõ' f;rmQ úg fõokdjla ±fka' meyeh fjkia fjhs' ;k mqvqfjka ierj iys; reêrh msg fjhs' u`o WK .;shla fukau wiykldÍ njlao  frda.shd olajhs'

.¾NdI ms<sld

fuh W;aikak jQ úg fhdaks ud¾.fhka meyeh wvq-jeä jYfhka  jQ reêrh iys; Èhr jßkajr msg fõ' YÍrh ÈfkkaÈk jeyeÍ hhs' hánfâ yd ;=káfha fõokdj yg .kS' u`o jYfhka WK .kakd w;r udiaY=oaêfha wl%ñl;d we;s fõ' ixi¾.fha fh§u wmyiqh' tÈfkod lghq;= lr .ekSug fkdyels njla ±fkhs' .eí f.f,ys yg.kakd ms<sld" fhdaks ud¾.h jßkajr mÍlaId lsÍfï§ ±l .; yelsh
'
uia;sIal ms<sld

fud<fha ms<sldjla j¾Okh ùfï§ m%:ufhka we;s jkafka ysirohhs' la,dka;h" lerls,a," jefgkakg hdu" wmiaudr frda. ,laIKj,g iudk f,i láka fiu msg ù isysh ke;s ùuo fndfyda úg olskakg ,efí' ks;r wu;l ùu" lka lelal=u" weia hg reodj yd ;=káfha fõokdj iu`. msgfldkao È.g fõokdj lEu wreÑh yd ksÈu; .;sh wvq-jeä ùu" ks;r fldamldÍ yd kqreiakd .;sh" wd§ ,laIK my< fjhs' fld;rï fõokd kdYl T!IO .;a;;a fõokdj wvq fkdfõ' YÍrfha fjjq,dhdu;a wxYnd. frda. ,laIK;a my< fjhs'

fmKy¨ ms<sld

fuu ms<sldj,g fnfyúka fya;= jkafka ÿï mdkh fyda ridhksl øjHh, wvx.= úI ldnksl iy úI iys; jdhqj fyda wd>%dyKh lsÍuhs' Bg wu;rj laIqø Ôùkaf.a .%yKho ms<sldldrl fjhs' fmKy¨j, yg.kakd w¾nqo^f.ä& jeks wdndOhkao ms<sld ;;a;ajhka we;s lrhs' fuúg fiu fldam jk wjia:dj,§ wdYajdi yd m%Yajdi  lsÍfï wmyiqj we;s fjhs' fõokd .;sh yd jdhq fldagr Yío wdÈh we;s fjhs' YÍrhg wjYH Tlaiscka yß yeá msg fkdùu ksid reêrh ¥IKh ù iuia; YÍrfhau frda. yg.kS' fujeks frda.Skaf.a wdhq ld,h b;d wvqh'

uqL ms<sld

fï ms<sld j¾.h wm rfÜ fndfyda fia me;sÍ ;sfí' uqLh yd W.=r wNHka;rfha we;s jk fuh jeämqru we;sjkafka nq,;aúgg yqKq wêlj .ekSu fya;=fjks' yqKqj,ska udxY mgl wdÈh ms,siaiS ;=jd, we;s ùfï wjodku jeäh' tfiau ud¿ lgq wekS ;=jd, ùfukao" ÿïmdkh yd fjk;a fya;=- ksido uqLms<sld iEfohs'
fn,a, bÈóu" jid.eá;s meiùu" wd§ ixl+,;d ksid hulaa .s,Sug wmyiq jk w;r yqiau .ekSfï wmyiq;do we;s fõ'

wdudY ms<sld'

fnfyda úg fuu ms<sld we;s jkafka uiaud¿j, lgq wekS wdudY mgl ;=jd, ùfuks' wï, ms;a; frda.h W;aikak ùfuka we;s jk ;+jd,o Bg fya;= fjhs' wêl WKqiqï wdydrmdk .ekSu iy wï, j¾. iys; wdydr .ekSu ksid we;s jk wdudYfha ;=jd, iqj fkdù ld,hla mej;Suo ms<sld iE§ug fya;= fjhs' wêl fõokj" u, wviais ùu"w;Sidrh" wdydr wreÑh" wdydr fkdÈrùu" YÍrh flÜgq ùu wdÈh fuys frda. ,laIKhs'
kqjka ms<sld" yDo ms<sld" wlaud ms<sld" w>Hdi ms<sld"uq;%dY ms<sld" fm!reI .%kaÓfha ms<sld" wd§ jYfhka YÍrfha úúO ia:dk Ndckh fõ' bkaøhhka wdY%s;j we;s jk ms<sld ksid tata bkaøshhla wl%sh ùu ksrdhdifhka isÿ fõ'

reêr.; ms<sld frda.

fïjd fldgia follg fnÈh yelsh'
1'Yafõ;uh;dj fyj;a ,shqflañhd
2' ;e,iSñhdj

,shqflañhd kñka y`ÿkajkafka weiQ muKska mjd ìh f.k fok wegñÿ¿j, widudkH f,I fyj;a wiajdNdúlj N%EK Yafõ;dkq .ykh jk udrl .Kfha frda.hlgh' fuys§ b;d wêl jYfhka iqÿ reêrdKq ffi, we;s fjhs' fuh r;= reêrdKq ksmofjk wiaÓ uÊcd fyj;a wegñÿ¿ weiqre fldg f.k kef`.k frda.hla ksid thska iuia; reêrfha rla;dkq ffi, ksmoùfï jHdl+,Ndjhka we;s fõ' túg reêrfha wka;¾.; ffi,j, m%;sY;h fjkia ù wiu;=,s;;djla we;s fõ' r;= ffi, m%udKh thska wvq jk w;r Yafõ; ffi,j, wvq ùulaa we;s fõ' r;= ffi, m%udKh wvq jk w;r Yafõ; ffi,j, j¾Okhla we;s fõ' zf,a j;=r jk frda.hZ f,I iuyre fuh y`ÿkajkafka ta ksidh' ksfrda.S reêrfha r;= yd iqÿ reêrdKq wkqmd;h 500lg iqÿ reêrdKq 01 jYfhks' frda.S wjia:dfõ fï wkqmd;h fjkia fõ'
,shqflañhd frda.h fldgia follska hqla;h'
1' ,isld fldaYs Yafõ;uh;dj  ,isld .%kaÓ bÈóu iu. ma,Sydj wdidokh ùfuka we;s jk ,shqflañhdj'
2' uÊcd fldaYs YAfõ;u;dj
wegñÿ¿ wl%sh ùu iu. ma,Sydj bÈóu ksid we;sjk ,shqflañhdj
fï frda. wjia:d folu widOH frda. .Kfhys,d ie,fla' Bg wjeis ksis m%;sldr fkdfhÿfjd;a taldka;fhkau urKh isoaO fjhs'
reêr mÜáld we;s ùfuka reêrh leá.eiSu wekysàfuka reêr .,kh wêl fjhs' iqÿ reêrdKqj, ÿ¾j,;ajh ksid ks;rks;r frda.îc j¾Okh fjhs' reêrfha ysfuda.af,dìka m%udKh wvq ùfuka YÍr ffi,j, wkjYH Tlaiscka yd .aÆfldaia m%udKho wvq fjhs' tu ksid ngysr ffjoH l%ufhka ,nd fok m%;sldr jkafka tu frda.Skag reêrh fyda r;= reêr ffi, fyda ,nd §uh' tfiau wegñÿ¿ noaO lsÍuh'

,shqflañhd frda.h je,`ÿk úg we;s jk frda. ,laIK

u,dkslj" wfya;=l úvdj" nr wvqùu"yqiau .ekSfï wmyiqj" Tlaldrh" wêl oyÈh ±óu'" nv mqrjd ±óu" nfâ fõokdj" ±ä .s,kanj hk ,laIK uq,ska my< fõ' miqj Worfha wvla muK msfrk ;rug ma,Sydj bÈfuhs' Worfha jï me;af;a Wv fldgfia ;o .;shla fyda nr njla yg.kS' wlaudjo iaj,am jYfhka uy;a fjhs' ;j;a l,a .;jk úg úÿreuia" kdih" .=oud¾.h" uq;% ud¾.h hk ia:dkj,ska reêrh .e,Sug mgka.kS'
iu hggo f,a .e,Su ksid  iu hg me,a,ï yg .kS' fïjd uÊcd fldaYs YAfõ;uh;d frda.fha frda. ,laIKhs'
,isld fldaYs Yafõ;uh;d frda.fha ,laIK kï u,dksl njhs' th fuys m%uqL ,laIKhhs' ;jo fn,a," bls<sh" yd lsys,a, hk ia:dkj, msysá ,isld .%kaÓ bÈfuhs' tajdfha fõokdjla kï we;s fkdfõ' mj;sk iqÿue,s .;sh blaukska jeä fjhs' ma,Sydj iy wlaudjo idudkHfhka bÈóug ,la fjhs'

;e,iSñhdj

fï kñka y`ÿkajkafka reêrfha r;= reêrdKqj, wvx.= ù we;s ysfuda.af,dìka kue;s ix>glh wvqùu iy tajdfha úlD;s ;;a;ajhka we;s jk frda.hhs'
r;= reêrdKq ffi,hla ks¾udKh ù j¾Okh ùug ysfud.af,dìka w;HjYH fjhs' tu ysfuda.af,dìka j¾. jYfhka 4ls'
 tajdhska tlla fyda folla fyda y;ru fyda wl%Sh ùfuka we;sjk ixl+,;dj fï frda.fha ksodkhhs'
ydfuda.af,dìkaj, l%shdldÍ;ajfha wiu;=,s;;dj ksid wiïmQ¾K r;= reêrdKq we;sjk w;r tajd ál ld,hlska úkdY ù hhs' tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka wêl hlv m%udKhla reêrfha ;ekam;a fjhs' tfia r;= ffi,  wêlj úkdY ù hdfuka we;s jk ly meye;s ridhkslh wlaudfõ ;ekam;a ùu ksid fix.ud, frda. jeks ,laIKo my< fjhs'

tfiau ma,Sydj wêlj l%shd lrùu ksid  th bÈó jHdl+, ;;a;ajhg m;a jQ úg Y,Hl¾uhla u.ska th bj;a lrkq ,nhs' thska wegñÿ¿ ÿ¾j, ù rla; ySk;dj we;s jk w;r wlaudjo ÿ¾j, fjhs'

fï ;;a;ajh we;s jQ úg ngysr ffjoH l%ufhka ,nd fok m%;sldrh jkafka hlv m%udKh bj;a lrk ,o  reêrh jßkajr frda.shdg  ,nd §uhs' wiaÓ Èrd hdu yd weo ùu ksid YÍrfha yevho fjkia fõ' wêlj hlv mod¾: wvx.= reêrh we;s ksid  úIdêl frda.o we;s fõ' fï frda.h we;s jkafka ljr fya;=jla ksid ±hs ;ju;a ksYaÑ;j fidhdf.k ke;s w;r mdrïmßlj cdk u.ska ;j;a flfkl=g hd yels nj kï fidhdf.k ;sfí' WodyrKhla jYfhka ;e,iSñhd frda.Ska fofokl= újdy jQ úg ,efnk orejd ;e,iSñhd frda.shl= úh yel' ;e,iSñhd jdylhl= iy ksfrda.S mqoa.,hl= újdy jQ úgo ,eìh yelafla ;e,iSñhd frda.sfhls'
wm rfÜ fï frda.h nyq, jYfhka we;af;a l=reKE.," mq;a;,u" wd§ m%foaYj,h' mdßißl fya;+ka iy mdkSh c,fha we;s úiu;djkao fï frda.h we;s ùug fya;= jk nj is;d .; yelsh'

fcH;sIfõ§" ri ffjoH
m%ikak is,ajd
Zfjof.orZ
wxl 19" ñkqjïmsáh mdr"
mdkÿr'




Wednesday, June 1, 2016

පිළිකාව වෙනුවෙන් හෙළ වෙදකම

ms<sldj fy< fjolug wNsfhda.hlao@

ms<sldj hk ku weiQ muKskau fndfyda fokl=g ms<sl=,la iy ìhckl ye`.Sula we;s fõ' ful, jix.; frda.hla ;rug me;sr hk fï frda.h flfkl=f.ka ;j;a flkl=g fnda fkdjk frda.hls' tfy;a wo jk úg fuu frda.h je,`ÿKq whf.a m%udKh w;s úYd,h' fmr ld,fha fï frda.h úr,
frda.hla úh' w;S;fha fï frda.h nyq, fkdùu;a" ful, YS>% f,i j¾Okh ùu;a ms<sn`oj fydhd ne,Sfï§ meyeÈ,s jkafka fï ;;a;ajhg fya;=j ;dlaIKsl ÈhqKqj njhs'

ms<sld frda.h YS>% f,i j¾Okh ùug fya;=

1' wm .kakd wdydrmdk u.ska úI iys; lD;%Su rildrl" j¾K ldrl" lDñ kdYl wdÈh YÍr.; ùu'
2' weiqreï lrk ,o iy áka l< wdydrmdk Ndú;hg yqre ùu ksid tajd l,a ;nd .ekSug fhdok ridhksl øjHhka YÍr.; ùu'
3' r:jdyk yd hka;% WmlrKj,g Ndú; lrk bkaOk ±ùfuka jd;hg tl;= jk úI iys; ÿï YÍr.; ùu'
4' fndfyda ld,hla úlsrKYS,S lsrKj¾. YÍr.; ùu' tkï f,day mrudKq" Bhï mrudKq" .eud lsrK" x lsrK' cx.u ÿrl:k yd rEmjdyskS WmlrKdÈfhka ksl=;a jk lsrK j¾. iy wxY= ms<sld frda.ldrl ùu'
5' chemotherapy m%;sldr i`oyd fhdok lsrK j¾." ridhksl Tiq j¾." nelaàßhd kdYl m%n, Tiq j¾. wêlj .ekSu'
fïjdhska je<elS isàug fkdyels ;;a;ajhla wo Wod ù we;'

ms<sld frda. uQ,hka ìysùug by; frda.ldrlhka n,mdkafka flfiao@

ksfrda.S mqoa.,hl=f.a reêrh iq¿ jYfhka laIdruh ;;a;ajfha^Alkaline&meje;sh hq;=h' kuq;a by; frda.ldrlhka YÍr.; ùfuka reêrh wdï,sl ;;a;ajhg tkï" weisâ ;;a;ajhg m;a fjhs' tu ksid restroviruses kue;s YÍrfha iajdNdúl m%;sYla;s cklh ySk fjhs'
tfiau m%;sfoay yd m%;sfoayckl úlD;s;djkag m;a fjhs' fï ;;a;ajh ksoka.; frda. Ceonic Diseases fyj;a fnda fkdjk frda. f,i y`ÿkajhs'
wmf.a YÍrfha wiaÓ yd weg ñÿ¿ udxY kyr" iakdhq" bkaøshhka" frdau" p¾u wd§ fldgia ks¾udKh ù we;af;a tla;rd rgdjlg yev.eiqKq ishqï ffi, m%fldaá .Kkl tl;=fjks' fï ffi, ksrka;rfhka ì`§ ueÍ hk w;r ta fjkqjg w¨;ska ffi, ksmofjhs' fï l%shdj,sh md,kh lrkafka DNA wkq u.sks' by; frda.ldrlhka ksid DNA wkq fyj;a Deoxyribo Nuclear Acid weisâ cdkj, iajdNdúl úlD;s lrjhs' ^Gene Mutation& fufia isÿjk DNA úlD;sh ksid widudkH f,i ffi, j¾Okhla we;s ù YÍr bkaøshhkag ydks meñKùu ms<sld frda.h f,i ie,flhs' fuúg YÍrfha we;s fydafudak yd tkaihsu l%shdldÍ;ajh wvmK fjhs' ms<sld ffi,j,g tfrysj igka lsÍug YÍrfha iajdNdúl m%;sYla;slrK moaO;sh ±ä jEhula ±Íu ksid jid .%kaÓ bÈó YÍrh ;=< ±ä fõokdldÍ njla we;s fjhs' YÍrfha iuia; mßjD;a;Sh l%shdjka blaukska wvmK fjhs' fuh urKhg fya;= fjhs' fï ffi, úlD;s;djka we;s ùu zldisfkdaudz ^Carcinoma& kue;s m%;sfoayhka u.ska isÿ jk nj ngysr ffjoH úoHdfõ y`ÿkajhs'
ldisfkdaud m%;sfoay my; i`oyka f,i j¾. lr we;'
1' Sqïnos Sells ysialnf,a wiaÓ ndyslj, iy YÍrfha ndysr mg,lj, ms<sld'
2' Spheroidal Sells yDoh" fmKy¨" fud<h wlaudj wd§ bkaøsh mgl yd wiaÓj, ms<sld'
3' colomir Sells l=vd wka;% uywka;% .=oud¾. wdÈfhys ms<sld'
4' Anaplastic Sells mshhqre yd .¾NdI ms<sld' fï j¾.hg fndfyda úg f.dÿre jkafka wd¾;jh k;r jQ iy újdy fkdjQ ia;%Skah'
tfiau ndysr ms<sld iy wNHka;r ms<sld jYfhka fldgia follg j¾. lr we;' tkï ndysr m%;sldr f,i f.ä" jK" p¾uj, ;og iEfok .eá;s wdÈh .Kka .efka' w;S;fha isg fï ms<sld i`oyd foaYsh fjolfï m%;HlaI m%;sldr olajd we;'
wNHka;r ms<sld f,i ie,l=fKa YÍr bkaøshhka wdY%s;j ^yDoh" fmKy,a," wlaudj" fud<h" jl=.vq mshhqre& wdÈfha yg.kakd ms<sldh' fï ms<sld b;d W.% ;;a;ajhg m;aj we;af;a kùk ;dlaIKsl ÈhqKqfõ wksis n,mEï fya;=fjks'
ms<sldj, idudkH frda. ,laIK

ms<sld frda.fha idudkH ,laIKh jkafka tajd ygf.k iEfyk ld,hla hk ;=re frda.shdg ta .ek ±k .ekSug fkdyels ùuhs' fõokdj" bÈóu wd§ ,laIK my, jkafka frda.h W.% jQjdg miqjhs' tfy;a mQ¾j mÍlaId lsÍï wkqj frda.h je,`§ ;sfío keoao hk j. ±k.; yelsh'
fï frda.h je,`§fï uq,a wjia:dj,§ mQ¾j ,laIK lsysmhla we;s fõ' tkï msg fldkafoa fõokdj"  ikaêj, fõokdj" wdydr wreÑh" udkisl wiykh wdÈhhs' fnfyda úg tu frd.Ska úiska iy ffjoHjreka úiska m%;sldr lrkq ,nkafka by; lS frda. ,laIKj,g muKs' ms<sldj ms<sn`o fidhd n,kafka miqjh'
ms<sld i`oyd foaYsh Ñls;aid fhÈh hq;= wdldrh ±ka wms úuid n,uq'

foaYsh ffjoH úoHdfõ b.ekafjk YÍrfha i`oyka jk ish¨ bkaøshhka wdfmda" f;afcda" jdfhda" mGú yd wdldY hk mxp ;;a;ajhka tlaùfuka yd jd" ms;a" fiï hk ;%sfodaYhkaf.a l%shdfjka ks¾udKh ù we;s nj i`oyka fõ' fï wkqj l=vdu ffi, mjd ks¾udKh ù we;af;a mxp ;;a;ajhkaf.a tl;=fjka nj  wuq;=fjka lsj hq;= fkdfõ'
ffi,j, ;r,hg l¿^fiu& m%Odk ù we;s nj;a cdk j¾Kfoay iy WKqiqu msf;ys l%shdjla nj;a  jdhq ßla;l Yla;sh  yd l%shdldÍ;ajh  jd;fha iajNdjh nj;a ukdj meyeÈ,s fõ'
ffi,hla úlD;s ùu fyda wl%sh ùu fyda ;%sfodaI fldam ùu nj;a ms<sld frda.fha ksodkho ;%sfodaIu nj;a meyeÈ,sh' tksid ms<sld frda. i`oyd m%;sldr fhÈh hq;af;ao fï ;%sfodaIhka iukh lsÍu iy ima; Od;=ka h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a lsÍu i`oydh' tu Ñls;aid l%ufõoh fláfhka fufia ±laúh yelsh'
1' foaYsh Ñls;aidj,sfha uQ,sl wx.h jk úf¾pk" juk" yd jia;s hk fYdaOk l¾uhka m%:ufhka l< hq;=h' wdydr rgdfõ fjkialï we;s l< hq;= w;r" ks¾udxY wdydrhkag fhduq l< hq;=h' udkisl iqjh i`oyd wd.ñl lghq;=j,go fhduq l< hq;=h'
mss<sld frda.Ska i`oyd fmdÿ wdydrmdk lsysmhla fufiah'
ySká yd,a" fufkaß yd,a" nd¾,s" ñÈ hqI" jïngqq" je,a;síngq" uqvuyk" lrú," .eg;=U" r;=¿EKq" ksruq,a,sh" flfydU o¨" f;nq o¨" .egfmdf,dia" y;= j¾." f.dgqfld<" ñxÑfld<" j,awfkdaod" uvqo¨" ue,a,fld<" iqÿ¿Kq" u,afldÉÑ fld<" t¿lssß wd§ Ydl  iy wdydrmdk j¾. m%;sldrj, .=Kd;aul nj jeä lsÍugo fya;= fjhs' WoEik wdydr fõ, i`oyd fld<le`o b;d w.fkah'
2' ms<sld frda.Skaf.a wdydr Ô¾K tkaihsu ksmoùu  wvd< ùu ksid Tjqyq ±ä wdydr wreÑhlska fmf<;s' fï ksid ldhslj ÿn, ùu blauka fjhs' tksid w.aksh iu;=,s; ùu i`oydo m%;sldr fhÈh hq;=h'
3' ms<sld frda.shl=g m%;sldr lsÍfï§ frda.shd ta jk úg yDo frda." wêl reêr mSvkh" uOqfïyh fyda udkisl frda.dÈfhka fmf<k iy ta i`oyd ngysr ffjoH m%;sldr lrñka iqmqreÿ f,i  T!IO .ksñka isákafka kï tajd tf,iskau lrf.k hdug Wmfoia Èh hq;=h'
4' ms<sld frda. ldrlhka YÍr.; ùfuka reêrh wmsßisÿ ;;a;ajhg fyj;a wdï,sl ;a;ajhg tk nj wms by;ska i`oyka lf<uq' mqrd;kfha isg tk f.ä" jK" mss<sld Ñls;aidj,sfha jeo.;au wx.h jQfhao reêrh msßisÿ lsÍfï Ñls;aidjhs' fuu.ska YÍr.; jQ ms<sld frda. ldrlhka fndfyduhla YÍrfhka neyer l< yelsh'
5' ngysr ffjH l%ufha fuka ms<sld ffi, ueÍu i`oyd T!IO ,nd §ula foaYsh fy< fjolfï fkdue;s w;r" YÍrh ;=< iajdNdúl m%;sYla;sh we;s lrk yd ã'tka'ta úlD;s;d ke;s lrk ri T!IO ,nd §fuka" ;jÿrg;a úlD;s ffi, we;s ùu k;r ù ksfrda.S ffi, ksmoùug u`. ie,efihs' ^ri T!IO hkq r;a;rka"ߧ";U"hlv wd§ f,dayj, NIau ixfhda.fhka idok m%n, foaYsh T!IOhkah'&
6' ms<sld frda.Skaf.a YÍrfha jid .%kaÓ bÈóu ksid ±ä ldhsl fõokdjlska fm<Ssug isÿfjhs' tneúka
wNHka;r fYda:hka^bÈuqï& i`oyd jk m%;sldro wLKavj fhÈh hq;=h'
wef,dam;s ffjoH l%uh ^ngysr bx.%Sis ffjoH l%uh& f,dalhg ìysùug;a fmr isg wfma fjojre ms<sldj iqj l<y' tksid ms<sldj fy< fjolug wreuhlaa fkdfõ' óg jir 500lg;a fmr isg mej; tk zf.ä" jK" ms<sld Ñls;aid l%uhZ Bg idlaIs orhs'
fï nj zl=udr ;ka;%hZ yd zw¾l m%ldIZ hk fjo .%ka: mßYS,kh lsÍfuka ±k.; yelsh' miq ld,Skj wm rgg isÿ jQ bkaÈhdkq wdl%uK iu`. bkaÈhdfõ ìys jQ zwdhq¾fõo fjoluZ iu`. wmf.a fy< fjolu iïñY%Kh úh' tfy;a wog;a we;ï mdrïmßl fjÿka i;=j msßisÿ fy< fjolu iq/lsj mej;Su wm rgg uy;a jQ wìukls'

fcHd;sIfõ§" ri ffjoH m%ikak is,ajd
zfjo f.orZ
wxl 19" ñkqjïmsáh mdr" mdkÿr'


WHITESTICK STORY

A long cane, the primary mobility tool for the visually impaired A white cane is used by many people who are blind or visually...